PIN FRs, including with bio-sourced materials, provide a diverse range of sustainable fire safety solutions for the future. This review from Canada considers halogenated flame retardants and antimony trioxide as problematic and presents minerals and nanoclays, nitrogen, intumescent, silicone and phosphorus-based FRs as future research routes. Bio-based PIN FRs are possible by reacting these onto hydroxy groups on natural molecules (such as cellulose, lignin, tannin, polysaccharides) or combination with natural molecules which themselves bring FR properties (e.g. proteins, DNA). Sustainable FR solutions are considered necessary to respond to societal demand for fire safety, in particular buildings safety standards, at the same time as increasing electrical and electronic products worldwide.
“Development of sustainable flame-retardant materials”, T. Ngo, Green Materials, Volume 8, Issue 3, Themed Issue: Sustainable flame retarded materials https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/toc/jgrma/8/3 paper 1900060 https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrma.19.00060