Marcello Hirschler’s Fire Safety & Technology Bulletin (11/ 2021) outlines roles and functioning of ASTM, NFPA and ICC. For each, the procedures for representation, proposals and voting are helpfully explained.
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) writes standards not codes. Committees are made up of ‘producers’, users, consumers and other stakeholders, noting that individuals can significantly impact these.
NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) writes both standards and codes, with strong technical expertise. Committee members are appointed by the NFPA Standards Council, and generally come from representative organisations not individual companies.
ICC (International Code Council) writes codes for the USA, despite its name. Committees are relatively small and most members are officials, resulting in a relative neutrality on proposals.
Fire Safety & Technology Bulletin (FS&TB) https://www.gbhint.com/fire-safety-and-technology-bulletin/