Several studies look at possible health impacts of flame retardants. Not all are scientifically convincing but pinfa recognises further research is needed. Gaylord 2020, which has obtained media coverage, suggests a link between brominated FRs and loss of IQ in the population. It has been strongly criticised by the US FR industry group NAFRA. This study mentions also phosphorus esters, but seems to in fact concern metabolites which may not be related to FRs. Luo 2020 suggests a link between maternal P-FR metabolite urine concentrations and low infant birth weights (113 cases) but does not correlate out other factors, such as urban living or diet which may be linked to chemical intake and might in fact be the real cause. Liu 2020 tested one P-FR (triphenyl phosphate) showing at oral intake at high doses (> 50 mg/kg body weight/day) crossing of the blood brain barrier and brain modifications.